Since Laravel 8 removed the default controller namespace prefix, string-based route definitions are the number one cause of this error. Here is the modern, reliable way to declare routes.
The Error
Illuminate\Contracts\Container\BindingResolutionException: Target class [App\Http\Controllers\UserController] does not exist.
Fix: Use the Class-Based Route Syntax
// ❌ Old string syntax (relies on a namespace prefix that no longer exists)
Route::get('/users', 'UserController@index');
// ✅ Import the class and reference it
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
Route::get('/users', [UserController::class, 'index']);Check the Namespace Matches the Path
A controller in app/Http/Controllers/Admin/ must declare namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin;. A mismatch here produces the same error.
Rebuild the Autoloader
composer dump-autoload
php artisan optimize:clearTypo Check
Class names are case-sensitive on Linux servers. Usercontroller vs UserController will work on macOS and fail in production.
